The ethical debate also extends beyond individual actions to larger societal issues. Topics such as justice, human rights, and equality are at the forefront of MHA FPX 5006 Assessment 1 contemporary ethical discussions. Philosophers have long debated the nature of justice and how to structure a fair society. John Rawls’ theory of justice as fairness, for example, proposes that a just society is one in which the social and economic inequalities are arranged to benefit the least advantaged members. This "difference principle" challenges the idea that inequalities are justified if they benefit everyone and instead suggests that they are only acceptable if they improve the position of the most disadvantaged. In contrast, libertarian theories of justice, such as those espoused by Robert Nozick, argue that justice is best achieved through the protection of individual rights and freedoms, particularly property rights.

The question of moral relativism also plays a significant role in ethical discourse. Relativists argue that moral judgments are not absolute but are shaped by cultural, historical, and personal contexts. This view challenges the notion of universal moral truths and suggests that what is considered morally right in one culture or situation may not be in another. Critics of moral relativism, however, argue that it leads to moral inconsistency and the inability to critique harmful practices, such as human rights violations, within different cultural contexts.

In recent years, the advancement of technology and globalization has brought new ethical challenges to the forefront. Issues such as environmental sustainability, genetic engineering, artificial intelligence, and privacy have raised questions about our moral responsibilities in the modern world. The rise of digital technology, in particular, has led to debates about the ethics of data collection, surveillance, and the potential for artificial intelligence to make decisions that impact human lives. Ethical considerations are also critical in addressing the global challenges of poverty, climate change, and inequality, where the actions of a few can have far-reaching consequences for many.

Ethics remains a vibrant and dynamic field of study, constantly evolving in response to the complexities of the human experience. As society continues to change, new moral dilemmas arise, prompting philosophers to reassess and refine ethical theories. Whether grappling with personal decisions or global issues, ethical thinking encourages individuals to reflect on their values and the impact of their actions on others. Ultimately, ethics provides a framework for living a good life, one that seeks to promote well-being, justice, and the flourishing of all people.